Lumbago

Lumbago is an acute lower back complaint that falls under non-specific lower back complaints. It is experienced as a stabbing pain in the lower back that suddenly seems to 'shoot' into it. In medical terms, it is also referred to as acute lumbago or lumbalgia. This literally means 'lower back pain'.

What causes lumbago?

Lumbago is caused by very small tears in an intervertebral disc. Intervertebral discs are the elastic discs located between the bones of the spine.

The small tears cause a sudden excessive contraction (spasm) of the deep muscles in the lower back. This contraction is initiated by the body itself to prevent the damage from getting worse. It is therefore a defence mechanism.

Lumbago is a form of non-specific lower back pain and can occur, for example, when making an incorrect movement such as bending, lifting or twisting, etc.

The small tears in the wall of the intervertebral disc are generally signs of ageing or reduced tissue quality. However, other causes can also be identified:

• Overloading of the lower back (work activities / posture).
• Stress (private life / work).
• Sudden movement (bending or twisting movements).
• Poor physical condition or insufficient exercise.
• Presence of a herniated disc in the lower back.
• Presence of specific conditions in the back, such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoporosis or cancer.

What are the characteristics (symptoms) of lumbago?

As mentioned, lumbago involves spasms of the deep lower back muscles. This causes a sudden and very severe pain in the lower back. These spasms severely restrict movement of the lower back.

Initially, the pain is felt very locally in the lower back. Over time, it may move to the left and/or right side of the back. The back may also feel unstable for a short period after lumbago.

How is lumbago diagnosed?

Lumbago is not a condition in itself but a collective term for acute lower back complaints. The examination by the GP or physiotherapist will therefore mainly focus on ruling out other injuries, such as a herniated disc in the lower back.

How is lumbago treated?

In most cases, lumbago resolves on its own. It is important to keep moving as much as possible. This mainly means walking and doing exercises to keep the back supple. To reduce the pain during the first few weeks, the GP may prescribe medication.

Although lumbago itself resolves, the cause of the problem has not disappeared. To prevent complaints in the longer term, the core muscles need to be strengthened or adjustments made in the workplace. This can be done with a programme of special exercises for lower back complaints. A physiotherapist can provide excellent guidance.