High-arched feet

A high-arched foot, medically termed pes cavus, is an abnormal foot position in which the foot arch and instep are raised. A larger hollow under the foot is visible. High-arched feet often occur together with toe deformities, for example, hammer toes or claw toes.

Cause of high-arched feet

In most cases, high-arched feet are caused by an underlying neurological disease such as cerebral palsy. As a general rule, the severity of the cavus foot equals the progression of the neurological disease. If this worsens, the severity of the cavus foot usually increases.

Another possible cause of high-arched feet is a congenital foot deformity. This is therefore genetically determined. Furthermore, high-arched feet can be caused by an abnormal gait pattern in children. If children (unconsciously) only walk on their toes, the foot can form accordingly.

Symptoms of high-arched feet

The most characteristic feature of high-arched feet is the abnormal foot position in which the foot arch is raised. An abnormal position of the toes, usually a dorsiflexed curled position, often goes together with high-arched feet.

Long-standing or untreated high-arched feet can lead to other foot problems such as heel spur, inflammation of the foot arch (plantar fasciitis), or irritation of the lower leg muscles and the Achilles tendon.

Other symptoms include muscle pain and cramps in the lower leg, due to the abnormal loading of the foot. A reduced ankle stability is also a common problem. This leads to an increased risk of an ankle sprain.

Diagnosis of high-arched feet

Almost always, the diagnosis can be made based on the patient history and physical examination. This physical examination can be supplemented with some specific tests. Sometimes an X-ray can help to determine the severity of the cavus foot. To exclude underlying neurological diseases, an MRI of the spinal canal can be taken.

Treatment of high-arched feet

The treatment of high-arched feet depends on the cause and severity of the complaints. In cases with a neurological cause, it is important that the foot is supported by orthotic insoles or adapted shoes. It is also important to pay attention to the gait pattern. The physiotherapist can guide you to improve walking and running technique.

Other treatment options focus on reducing symptoms. The physiotherapist can also support on this matter. With techniques such as exercise therapy, taping, shockwave, and stretching exercises, the treatment is aimed, among other things, at reducing pain and tension on the foot arch.