Beta blockers

Beta-blockers are medicines for the treatment of conditions such as high blood pressure and heart problems. They are so called because they block the harmful effects of stress hormones in the body.

What are beta-blockers?

Beta-blockers are medicines that influence the action of the hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline in the body. These hormones play an important role in regulating, among other things, heart rate and blood pressure.

Uses of beta-blockers

Beta-blockers are prescribed for different conditions. The most common uses are:

• High blood pressure (hypertension). Beta-blockers reduce the force of the heartbeat and relax the blood vessels, thereby lowering blood pressure.
• Angina pectoris (chest pain). For patients with chest pain due to lack of oxygen in the heart muscle, beta-blockers can reduce the number and severity of pain attacks. They do this by reducing the oxygen demand of the heart.
• Heart rhythm disorders. Beta-blockers slow down and regulate an irregular heartbeat. This reduces the risk of a heart attack.
• Heart failure. Beta-blockers are sometimes prescribed to patients with heart failure. The heart pumps too little blood through the body. By improving the pumping function, the load on the heart is reduced.
• Migraine. Beta-blockers can help prevent migraine attacks.
• Stress and anxiety. Physical complaints due to stress and anxiety, such as trembling and a raised heart rate, can be reduced with beta-blockers.

Possible side effects

Although beta-blockers are effective in treating various conditions, there are possible side effects to bear in mind. Some of these side effects are:

• Breathing problems. Shortness of breath, coughing, or tightness due to narrowing of the airways. This can also worsen asthma or COPD.
• Low blood pressure (hypotension) and a too low heart rate. This can lead to dizziness, headache, fatigue, and fainting.
• Cold hands and feet. This is due to reduced blood flow to the limbs.
• Sleep disorders. Some people experience insomnia or vivid dreams when using beta-blockers.
• Weight gain and low blood sugar levels (hypoglycaemia). Beta-blockers can cause changes in metabolism and an increase in body weight.
• Masking of signs of low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia). In patients with diabetes, beta-blockers can mask the symptoms of low blood sugar. This can make it more difficult to recognise a hypoglycaemic state.
• Depression, anxiety, nightmares, or hallucinations. These problems arise due to an influence on mood or brain function.
• Erectile dysfunction or reduced libido. This is a result of a disturbance of sexual function.

Attention!

The use of beta-blockers is generally safe and effective, but only under the supervision of a medical professional. They tailor the dosage to the needs of the patient. Stopping beta-blockers must be done gradually on a doctor's advice.